Question- "Heredity and Environment are the two sides of one coin." Give critical account.

Or
Explain briefly the role of 'heredity' and 'environment' in the development of the child.
Or
Describe the influence of heredity and environment on the child's education and development.

Answer-

Growth and Development

The changes brought about in the individual by the process of growth and development tried to follow some well defined principles. These are known as principles of growth and development.

These principles are being described below.

1. Principle of Continuity : Development follows continuity. It goes from womb to tomb and never ceases. An individual starting his life from a ting cell develops his body mind and other aspects of his personality through a continuous stream of development in these various dimensions.

2. Rate of growth and development is not Uniform : Although development follows continuity yet the of growth and development is not steady and uniform at all times. It proceeds more rapidly in the early years of life but slow down into later years of infancy.

3. Principles of individual differences : According to this principle their exist wide individual differences among children with respect to their growth and development in various dimensions.

4. Uniformity to pattern : Although development does not proceed at a uniform rate and shows marked individual differences yet it follows a definite sequence or pattern and some what uniform in the offsprings of a spices.

5. Development proceeds from general to specific responses : In all phases of child's development, general activity proceeds specific activity. His responses are of a general sort before they become specific. Similarly, when a new born baby cries the whole of the body is involved with growth the crying in limited to the vocal cords, eyes etc. In language development the child learns general words before specific. He uses the word daddy in greeting many men and it is only after that he uses it for his father.

6. Principle of integration : Where it is true that development proceeds from general to specific or from wholes to part it is also seen that specific response to part movements are combined in the later process of learning or development.

7. Development is predictable : With the help of rate of growth and development of a child it is possible for us to predict the range withing which is mature developments is going to fall.

8. Principle of developmental direction : Kuppuswamy (1971) throwing light on this principle points out two specific facts concerning the direction of the development. By cephalic-caudal development the means that development proceeds in the direction of the longitudinal axis (Head to foot) first, the child going control over his head and arms and then on his legs so that he can stand.

9. Growth and development in a joint product of both heredity and environment : Child at any stage of his growth and development is a joint. Product of both heredity and environment. The forces of heredity and environment directly or indirectly influence his growth and development in any dimension at all times.

Knowledge of the principles of growth and development tells in that there are wide individual differences among the children with respect to thin rate of growth and development.

Its knowledge helps us to (know what to expect and when to expect) from an individual child with respect to his physical, mental, social development etc. are different stages of development the correct knowledge of growth to end of a child helps the parents and teacher not to under or over estimate the future competency or expectancy of their child.

The knowledge that heredity and environment both play a joint role in the process of growth and development helps up to pay sufficient attention over the environment conditions in upbringing the children.

In this way the knowledge of the principles of growth and development helps much in the well being of the youngsters.

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