Questions- What is the meaning of Growth and Development ? Throw light of educational implication of the principle of development.

Or
Discuss the meaning of Growth and Development and what is cause of development ?

Answer-

Meaning of Growth and Development

Educational psychology studies human behaviour in educational situations. The goal is to change the behaviour of the child. Therefore it is also necessary for teachers to know about the growth & development of the child and the changes that takes place as a result. Both growth and development are used in the same sense and both these words indicate the direction of growth. But psychologists have told some difference between these two words. Therefore to understand the difference between growth and development. It is necessary to understand the meaning of both the words. In general, attitude refers to an increase in the size, weight, height and length of the body and its parts. According to Frank - The changes that takes place in any aspect of the body and behaviour are called attitudes and the changes that take place in a person over time are called development. The meaning of development is wide. When reaching from the city to the child and adolescence there is a change in the size of other organs i.e. increase in length and width. Then we say that the child’s body is growing. From this it is clear that growth can be measured. We also see that with the increase in the size of the child, there is no progress in his efficiency of work. Then we say that the accretion has happened, but it did not develop. Development refer to the working capacity of the component as it has been said that attitude can be measured, but development is reflected in the continuous changes in the activities of the individual. Therefore, development is the name of the qualitative changes in the body due to which there is progress in the efficiency, and behaviour of the person.

Function of Development

The basis of development refers to the elements by which development is possible. There are the mainstays of development.

(1) Heredity (2) Environment.

(1) Meaning of Inheritance : According to Dugluss and Hauland, "One's heredity consists of all structures, physical characteristics functions or capacities derived from parents, other ancestors or species."

Children not only inherit many physical and mental qualities from their parents but also from other ancestors. This is called heredity. In heritance has an effect on both the body and mind of a person in relation to which psychologists conducted various experiment and proved that inheritance is important basis in the process of development and it affects every aspect of the child's personality.

Environment : All those elements come under the environment. An which affect the life and behaviour of the person. To clarify the meaning of environment, psychologist presented their ideas in this way.

According to Woodworth - "Environment covers all the outside factors that have acted on the individual since he began life."

According to Dugluss and Hauland - "The term environment is used to describe in aggregate all the external forces, influences and conditions, which affect life, nature, behaviour and the growth, development and maturation of living organism.

Causes of Development

There are two main reason for the development of physical and mental functions of the child, which are as follows :

(1) Maturation, (2) Learning

Meaning of Maturation : Maturity refer to the development of the internal organ of a person and those qualities which are inherited from the lineage.

According to Wolf and Wolf, "Maturation means that childrens are able to do at certain stage of development certain task that they could not do previously."

Internal maturity is the process of growth. It is from this that the ability to learn action arises not in the physical parts of the children.

Meaning of Learning : Any change that occurs in the physical and mental activities of a person while establishing harmony with the environment is called learning.

This is a relationship between the activities of maturation and learning. Both have an effect on each other. Both have important place under development. Maturity is related to inheritance and learning is related to environment.

Educational Implication of the Principles of Development :

From the point of the educational view, it is very important to have knowledge of the theory of development. There are three reasons of this which are as follows —

(1) What age do we expect from a child regarding development and when? Otherwise our expectations will be to expect more or less of the child at a particular stage. If you expect more from the parent, then a feeling of incompleteness comes in him and if you expect less then his feelings and actions are not encouraged.

(2) How does development happen? The second advantage of this knowledge is that the elders get to know when and when to try more for the growth and development of the child. This type of knowledge helps in creating a suitable environment for the development of the child.

(3) What is the form of development? After getting this knowledge parents, teachers and other people have to work with the children. He can prepare the children for the future changes that will happen in the body and behaviour. Thus it can be said that the principles of development are closely related to education.

Factor Influencing Development.

The forms of development takes effect and changes due to many reason. Physical development is dependent to some extent on food and on health and environment factors. Innate tendencies have an effect on the development personality. Thus development is influenced not only by one factor but by many functions which are related to each other. There are many factor affecting development.

Intelligence : According to Harlock, "High grade intelligence is associated with a speeding up of development while low grade intelligence is associated with retardation."

On observing the development of children, it is known that children with sharp intelligence start walking quickly. The one with the same intellect walks in 14 months and children, with low intelligence start walking in 30 months.

Sex : The sex also has a significant effect on physical and mental development. Girls develop at a faster rate than boys and they also reach maturity sooner. The mental development of girls is also before that of boys.

Gland of Internal Secretion : Endocrine glands also have an effect on the development of the child.

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