Question- What do you understand by Human Development ? Throw light on its main principles.

Answer-

Meaning and Definition of Human Development

Human development means - Growth. Here development is understood as human development, from the establishment of the womb to the death of the person. The process of development goes on continuously. Whatever progressive changes takes place in the physical and mental side of the animal under this development sequence, is called human development. The process of human development continues throughout life. Some prominent scholars have defined it as follows :

According to Hurlock : "Development is not limited to growing larger instead, it consists of a progressive series of changes towards the goal of maturity. Development results in new characteristics and new abilities on the part of the individual."

According to Skinnar : "Human development is a regular and gradual process."

Principles of Human Development : According to Garrison and other when the child enters from one stage of development to another, some changes are seen in him. Studies have proved that these changes tend to follow fairly definite principles. This is called the principle of development.

The following are the principles of human development :

(1) Principles of Human Development : There is a difference in the speed of physical and mental development of each person. Therefore, differences related to development are seen in boys and girls of the same age. Ex. - A child who is tall at birth will grow tall and a child who is short at birth will remain short.

(2) Principle of Continuous Growth : Human development is a continuous process that continues throughout life. This process is also rapid and sometimes slow. The development of some organs is a rapid and of some organs is slow but the process of development must go on. According to Skinnar - "The theory of continuity of developmental process only emphasizes the fact that there is no sudden change in the individual."

(3) Principle of Uniform Pattern : According to this theory, the pattern of development of the children of mankind is the same, that's why there is no difference in their development. Whether a child is born in India, America or England the order of his development remains the same.

(4) Principle of Human Development Direction : According to this principle, the development of the child body takes place in a certain direction. This development always occurs from head to toe direction.

(5) Principle of Development Sequence : According to this, the development of the child takes place in definite and systematic order. The child's moto and language development also takes place in a sequence.

(6) Principle of Integration : According to this principle, very first the child performs the action of moving the whole organ and then the parts of the organ. He then tries to integrate those parts. Like the child first learns to move the whole hand than the fingers and then both simultaneously. According to Kuppu Swami - In development, there is movement towards the parts of the whole and from the organs to the whole. It is the integration of the various organ that makes the easy of movement possible. In this way the development of the child takes place from full to part and then from part to full.

(7) Principle of Interrelation : There is a correlation between the physical, mental and emotional development of the child. Along with the physical development, his interest and behaviour change and thus his speed and language development . According to Garison and others - "The physiological approach emphasizes the harmony and interrelationship in the development of the various organ of the individual."

(8) Principle of Interaction of Heredity and Environment : The development of a child is due to the interaction of heredity and environment. That is inheritance sets these limits beyond which it is impossible for the child to develop.

(9) Principle of General Specific Response : According to this principle, the child first reacts in a similar way and later reacts in a specific way. He moves from common reaction to specific reactions. In the same way gross organs first develop then small organs develop.

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