Question- What are the possible steps under the validity phase of the construction of achievement test?

Ans.

Test stage is the establishment of validity and reliability by administering the test items to a large sample :

• Reliability of the Test : Reliability refers to the consistency. It is similar marks obtained by an individual when Re-examined with same test on different times. There are a number of methods available for finding out the reliability of a test and the most successful method for finding the reliability of an achievement test are Test-Retest method and split half method.

• Test-Retest Method : The test is conducted on a group of students and is re-conducted on the same group of students after 15 days and the two sets of scores are correlated.

• Split Half Method : The test is split into two equal parts (for even/odd pattern) and then both parts given to group of students at the same time. The scores from both the sets of the test are correlated.

• Validity of the Test : Validity refers to the attainment of purpose for which the test is prepared. Validity is of the following type :

• Face Validity : It refers to the transparency or relevance of a test as it appears to test participants. A test can be said to have face value if it looks like it is going to measure what it is supposed to measure. E.g., if a test is constructed to measure whether students can perform multiplication and the persons to whom it is shown all agree that it looks like a good test of multiplication ability, this depict the face validity of the test.

• Construct Validity : If a test correctly measures a theoretical, non-observable construct or trait, it is said to have construct validity. Example- a test shows a high correlation value with another test which also measures the same construct.

• Content Validity : This is related with the relevance of the content. The achievement test is given to subject teachers and experts of the field to compare test items with the content and objectives. They are asked to provide feedback on how well each question measures the construct in the question. Their feedback is then analysed and decision can be made about the effectiveness of each question.

• Predictive Validity : It refers to the degree to which a test can predict the future success or failure of the test takers. In order to find predictive validity, the tester correlates the test scores with tester’s subsequent performance.

Sample Achievement Test

The following test consists of 10 Multiple Choice Questions to access the student's content knowledge of the usage of correct grammar.

English Test for Grammar (Class : 8)

Name ................................................. M.M. : 10

Class : 8 Sec. ..................................... Time : 15 Minutes

I. Tick the most appropriate word or phrase to complete the sentence correctly :

(i) A number of police officers here .................. with dogs.
(a) has (b) work (c) works (d) have

(ii) A lot of people .................. a wrong image of police work.
(a) has (b) are (c) have (d) is

(iii) One of our jobs .................. to help prevent crime.
(a) are (b) does (c) is (d) do

(iv) Someone .................. just reported a robbery.
(a) had (b) have (c) has (d) did

(v) Ten miles .................. quite a long way.
(a) are (b) does (c) is (d) do

(vi) These tourists .................. waiting for the museum to open.
(a) is (b) have (c) has (d) are

(vii) Please accept this gift as expression of our ..................
(a) thank (b) thanking (c) thankses (d) thanks

(viii) The women is demanding .................. for her injuries.
(a) damaging (b) damage (c) damages (d) damagins

(ix) We are going to spend all our .................. on a new car.
(a) save (b) saving (c) savings (d) saves

(x) The old man carried his few .................. in a plastic bag.
(a) belong (b) belonging (c) belongings (d) belongs

Answer/Scoring Key
(i) b (ii) c (iii) c (iv) c (v) c
(vi) d (vii) d (viii) c (ix) c (x) c

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