Question- What are the types of e-governance ? Discuss in detail.

Explain the Dimensions of e-governance.

Ans.

Types/Dimensions of E-Governance

The most common interactions / dimensions scope in electronic governance are as under:

1. G2C i.e. Government-to-citizen : G2C refers to the government services which are shared by citizens. Its objective is to provide a variety of ICT services to citizens in an efficient and economical way and to strengthen the relationship between government and citizens. There are several methods of G2C. Two-way communication allows citizens to instant message directly with police administrators and cast remote electronic votes and instant opinion voting. The examples are e-Participation, payment of taxes and services that can be completed online or over the phone, name or address changes, applying for services or grants, transferring existing services etc. G2C aims at connecting citizens to government by talking to citizens and supporting accountability, by listening to citizens and supporting democracy and by improving public services. It involves better services to the citizens through single point delivery mechanism and comprises the following areas-

(i) E-Registration - The registration and transfer of the properties and stamp duty to be paid thereon bring reduction of paper work.

(ii) E-Citizen G2C - offers services like issue of certificates, ration cards, passports, payment of bills and taxes, etc.

(iii) E-Transport - Registration of motor vehicles, issue of driving licences, issue of plying permissions, tax and fee collection through cash and bank challans and control of pollution become easy.

(iv) E-Education - E-Education constitutes initiatives of educating the citizen.

(v) E-Medicine - E-medicine involve linking of hospitals in the country and providing better medical services. G2C provides online copies of land records, facility to file online complants etc.

2. G2G i.e. Government-to-Government : G2G refers to the services which are shared between the governments. It is referred as e- administration. It involves networking all government offices so as to produce synergy among them. G2G is the online non-commercial interaction between government organizations, departments and authorities and other government organizations, departments and authorities. Following types of services or information are shared between government agencies-

(i) Sharing of information between police department of different states.

(ii) Government documents exchange.

Main areas of G2G are as under-

(i) State Wide Networks - which involve linking the departments.

(ii) E-police which helps in developing confidence - There are two databases; one of police personnel and the other of criminals. E-police helps tap the criminals easily for all the police stations. The module also include G2C activities like online filing of FIRS.

(iii) E-Court - Involves use of information technology in the areas like recording of proceedings, high resolution remote video to identify fraudulent documents, live fingerprints scanning, remote probation monitoring, etc. are involved.

(iv) E-Secretariat - Secretariat has a lot of significant information regarding the functioning of the government.

3. G2B i.e. Government-to-Business : It refers to the conduction through the internet between government agencies and trading companies. The main goal of G2B is to increase productivity by giving business more access to information in a more organized manner while lowering the cost of doing business as well as the ability to cut red tape, save time, reduce operational cost and to create a more transparent environment for business.

G2B the services a business house needs to get from the government, which includes getting licences etc. In a similar scenario, it can also flow from a business house to the Government as in the case of procurements, from such business houses by the government. G2B reduces the burden on business by adopting a process that enables collecting data once for multiple uses and streamlining redundant data. Regulations, economic, development, trade, permits/licences, grants/loans and asset management are some. Major lines:

E-transactions save time.

G2B allows a much faster process with fewer delays and decreasing the number of rules and regulations.

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