Question- What are the factors that determine Social Change ?

Ans.

Social change is a continuous process. There are some important factors which help this process. Those factors are—(1) The physical environment, (2) Scientific inventions and researches and (3) Interdynamics. According to Ogburn, social change first occurs in the material culture and then in the non-material culture. But Ottaways holds that these cultural changes do not take place one after the other, but it is a product of the inter dynamics of the two. Ottaway has clearly stated that social or cultural change occurs because of the interaction of technological researches or scientific inventions and the ideals, values and aims of society. In other words, social change occurs through the interaction of technological techniques and social values. Both the elements are essential. Any one of them without the other will not bring about any social change. As these factors namely, technology, techniques and values play an essential role in any social change, it is necessary to understand the meaning and significance of these words. Technology is that branch of science which develops various techniques. Techniques are those means which fulfil various basic needs of human beings in a society. In the end values are those objectives, beliefs, thoughts and abstract concepts which make human life dynamic, successful and purposive.

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