Prose

Chapter 1 - Mahatma Gandhi : Hind Swaraj : XVII Passive Resistance, XVIII Education

Objective Type Questions

For each of the following questions, four alternatives are given for the answer. Only one of them is correct. Choose the correct alternative.

1. When was Hind Swaraj written?
   (a) 1909
   (b) 1919
   (c) 1929
   (d) 1939

2. What is the literal meaning of "Swaraj" in the book's context?
   (a) Self-rule or self-governance
   (b) Absolute independence from any rulers
   (c) Spiritual enlightenment and liberation
   (d) Economic prosperity and material wealth

3. Which principle lies at the heart of Gandhi's non-violent resistance (Satyagraha) ?
   (a) Overcoming evil with love and truth
   (b) Resisting oppression through force and arms
   (c) Achieving political goals through compromise and negotiation
   (d) Seeking self-preservation at all costs

4. What chapter of Hind Swaraj emphasizes the importance of manual labor and self-reliance ?
   (a) Chapter 16: "Swadeshi"
   (b) Chapter 1: "Swaraj - Self-Rule"
   (c) Chapter 8: "Fearlessness"
   (d) Chapter 20: "Education"

5. How does Gandhi criticize British rule in India ?
   (a) He condemns their exploitative economic policies, racial discrimination, and suppression of dissent.
   (b) He attacks their religious conversions, cultural imperialism, and destruction of traditional India
   (c) He questions their legitimacy and argues for immediate and complete independence.
   (d) He criticizes their military force, disregard for human rights, and lack of respect for Indian leaders.

6. What are the key pillars of Swaraj according to Gandhi's vision?
   (a) Truth, non-violence, self-control and simplicity
   (b) Education, healthcare, economic prosperity and political freedom.
   (c) Unity of religions, social justice, environmental protection, and technological advancement
   (d) Obedience to elders, respect for traditions, loyalty to the British crown, and hard work

7. What does Gandhi believe is the most effective way to resist colonial rule?
   (a) Non-violent resistance and civil disobedience
   (b) Armed rebellion and violent uprising
   (c) Economic boycotts and non-cooperation
   (d) Legal petitions and court challenges

8. How does Gandhi emphasize self-reliance and Swadeshi in achieving Swaraj?
   (a) He advocates for using locally produced goods and reducing dependence on imported items.
   (b) He promotes traditional crafts and industries to build a self-sufficient economy.
   (c) He encourages individuals to learn basic skills and become independent from foreign services.
   (d) He criticizes consumerism and promotes a simple lifestyle based on local resources.

9. What is the lasting impact of Hind Swaraj on Indian independence movements?
   (a) It inspired non-violent resistance strategies and fueled the struggle for freedom.
   (b) It provided a blueprint for a post-colonial India based on self-rule and self-reliance.
   (c) It sparked debates on social and economic reforms, challenging existing hierarchies and inequalities.
   (d) All of the above

10. Which chapter in Hind Swaraj explores the importance of manual labor and self-reliance?
    (a) Chapter 17: "Fearlessness and Humility."
    (b) Chapter 18: "Brahmacharya"
    (c) Chapter 19: "Swaraj for Women."
    (d) Chapter 20: "Education."

11. Gandhi discusses the concept of "Brahmacharya" What does it signify in the context of Swaraj?
    (a) Strict adherence to religious rituals and customs.
    (b) Celibacy and sexual abstinence.
    (c) Self-control, discipline, and mastery over one's senses.
    (d) Devotion to spiritual practices and meditation.

12. How does Gandhi argue that Swaraj is necessary for the emancipation of women in India?
    (a) He advocates for complete social and legal equality between men and women.
    (b) He believes women should focus on domestic duties and not participate in political movements.
    (c) He argues that Swaraj will automatically lead to improved gender relations without specific efforts.
    (d) He sees women's education as the primary means to achieve Swaraj and social progress.

13. What role does Gandhi assign to education in achieving Swaraj?
    (a) Education should primarily focus on vocational skills and economic productivity.
    (b) Education should promote blind obedience to authority and traditional values.
    (c) Education should prioritize character development, critical thinking, and self-reliance.
    (d) Education should be limited to religious studies and scriptures.

14. Gandhi criticizes the Western education system prevalent in India. What are his main objections?
    (a) He opposes the use of English language as the medium of instruction.
    (b) He believes the curriculum is overly focused on academic knowledge and neglects practical skills.
    (c) He criticizes the emphasis on competition and individual achievement over cooperation and social responsibility.
    (d) He sees the system as promoting blind acceptance of Western values and undermining Indian culture.

15. Who is the author of Hind Swaraj?
    (a) Jawaharlal Nehru
    (b) Mahatma Gandhi
    (c) Rabindranath Tagore
    (d) Sardar Patel

16. In which year was Hind Swaraj first published?
    (a) 1909
    (b) 1915
    (c) 1922
    (d) 1930

17. What language was the original version of Hind Swaraj written in?
    (a) English
    (b) Hindi
    (c) Gujarati
    (d) Sanskrit

18. What does the term "Swaraj" mean in Hind Swaraj?
    (a) Non-violence
    (b) Self-rule
    (c) Industrialization
    (d) Westernization

19. According to Gandhi, what is the root cause of India's problems in Hind Swaraj?
    (a) Lack of education
    (b) British colonial rule
    (c) Economic inequality
    (d) Western influence

20. What is Gandhi's view on machinery and technology in Hind Swaraj?
    (a) Embraces technological progress
    (b) Advocates selective use of machinery
    (c) Rejects machinery entirely
    (d) Promotes extensive industrialization

21. Which industry does Gandhi particularly criticize in Hind Swaraj?
    (a) Agriculture
    (b) Textiles
    (c) Mining
    (d) Railways

22. According to Hind Swaraj, what is the essence of true civilization?
    (a) Technological advancement
    (b) Material prosperity
    (c) Moral and spiritual values
    (d) Military strength

23. What does Gandhi propose as an alternative to Western-style education in Hind Swaraj?
    (a) Emphasizes technical and scientific education
    (b) Advocates for traditional Indian education
    (c) Encourages vocational training
    (d) Promotes globalized education

24. According to Hind Swaraj, what is the role of women in society?
    (a) Limited to household chores
    (b) Equal participation in all spheres
    (c) Restricted to political activities
    (d) Exclusively in the workforce

25. What is the significance of the spinning wheel (charkha) according to Gandhi in Hind Swaraj?
    (a) Symbol of industrialization
    (b) Promotes self-sufficiency
    (c) Represents modernity
    (d) Encourages globalization

26. According to Hind Swaraj, what is the role of religion in politics?
    (a) Religion should dominate politics
    (b) Politics should be free from religious influence
    (c) Religion and politics are inseparable
    (d) Religion is irrelevant to politics

27. What does Gandhi propose as a solution to the problem of poverty in Hind Swaraj?
    (a) Wealth redistribution
    (b) Economic reforms
    (c) Self-reliance and simplicity
    (d) Foreign aid

28. According to Hind Swaraj, what is the basis of true democracy?
    (a) Universal suffrage
    (b) Political parties
    (c) Decentralized self-governance
    (d) Monarchy

29. How does Gandhi view the role of individual conscience in Hind Swaraj?
    (a) Emphasizes conformity to societal norms
    (b) Advocates for blind obedience to authority
    (c) Stresses the importance of individual conscience
    (d) Rejects the significance of individual beliefs

30. What does Gandhi say about the pursuit of material wealth in Hind Swaraj?
    (a) Endorses the pursuit of material wealth
    (b) Advocates moderation in the pursuit of wealth
    (c) Encourages accumulation of wealth
    (d) Rejects material wealth

31. According to Hind Swaraj, what should be the focus of economic development?
    (a) Global trade and commerce
    (b) Heavy industrialization
    (c) Agriculture and rural development
    (d) Urbanization and modernization

32. What is Gandhi's stance on the use of violence in the pursuit of Swaraj in Hind Swaraj?
    (a) Supportive
    (b) Conditional
    (c) Rejects violence
    (d) Advocates violence

33. How does Gandhi view the role of the individual in social change in Hind Swaraj?
    (a) Individual is powerless
    (b) Individual has a transformative role
    (c) Collective action is essential
    (d) Individual is irrelevant

34. What does Gandhi consider as the foundation of non-violent resistance in Hind Swaraj?
    (a) Political power
    (b) Moral strength
    (c) Economic wealth
    (d) Military might

35. What term does Gandhi use to describe the Western model of civilization in Hind Swaraj?
    (a) Progressive
    (b) Satyagraha
    (c) Sarvodaya
    (d) Swaraj

36. What does Gandhi propose as an alternative to modern medicine in Hind Swaraj?
    (a) Homeopathy
    (b) Naturopathy
    (c) Allopathy
    (d) Ayurveda

37. What is Gandhi's perspective on industrialization in Hind Swaraj?
    (a) Encourages rapid industrial growth
    (b) Advocates balanced industrial development
    (c) Rejects industrialization
    (d) Promotes small-scale industries

38. What is the core message of Hind Swaraj regarding the relationship between individuals and the state?
    (a) Centralized state control
    (b) Decentralized self-governance
    (c) Authoritarian rule
    (d) Democratic socialism

39. According to Hind Swaraj, what is the impact of Western civilization on Indian culture?
    (a) Preservation of culture
    (b) Cultural enrichment
    (c) Cultural degradation
    (d) Cultural assimilation

40. How does Gandhi view the role of youth in social and political change in Hind Swaraj?
    (a) Encourages radical activism
    (b) Advocates non-violent resistance
    (c) Discourages youth involvement
    (d) Promotes military service

41. What does Gandhi propose as a solution to the problem of communalism in Hind Swaraj?
    (a) Enforce strict laws against communal activities
    (b) Promote religious segregation
    (c) Embrace communalism for social harmony
    (d) Advocate for inter-religious understanding

42. In Hind Swaraj, what does Gandhi say about the influence of Western political ideologies?
    (a) Advocates the adoption of Western political ideologies
    (b) Rejects Western political ideologies
    (c) Encourages a blend of Eastern and Western ideologies
    (d) Considers them irrelevant to India

43. According to Hind Swaraj, what is the role of education in shaping society?
    (a) Academic excellence
    (b) Technical proficiency
    (c) Character development
    (d) Professional success

44. What does Gandhi say about the pursuit of happiness in Hind Swaraj?
    (a) Happiness lies in material wealth
    (b) Happiness is subjective and spiritual
    (c) Happiness is found in political power
    (d) Happiness is irrelevant to life

45. What does Gandhi suggest as an alternative to foreign goods in Hind Swaraj?
    (a) Promote the import of foreign goods
    (b) Boycott foreign goods
    (c) Increase tariffs on foreign goods
    (d) Encourage the imitation of foreign products

46. What does Gandhi suggest as a remedy for the economic problems facing India in Hind Swaraj?
    (a) Embrace a capitalist economic system
    (b) Implement socialist economic policies
    (c) Promote self-sufficiency and simplicity
    (d) Rely on foreign aid for economic development.

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