1. All of the following elements define a crisis EXCEPT:
   (a) A sudden, shocking, intense, often catastrophic event
   (b) An event perceived as a crisis by those involved in it
   (c) An event of temporary duration
   (d) All of the above

2. According to Regehr and Bober, how many people have died in the United States as a result of natural disasters between 1980 and 2002?
   (a) 100,000
   (b) 300,000
   (c) 600,000
   (d) 1,000,000

3. There are small-scale events that can perpetuate a “crisis”. All of the following are such events EXCEPT:
   (a) tornado or flood
   (b) violent events such as child abuse, domestic abuse, crime
   (c) psychopathology that triggers a crisis i.e. suicide attempt, drug overdose
   (d) car accident, life-threatening illness

4. All of the following theories explain individual reactions to a crisis event EXCEPT :
   (a) Stress theory
   (b) Biology
   (c) Behavior modification
   (d) Cognitive-appraisal

5. Individuals will appraise an event as a crisis if it has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
   (a) the event has mass casualties
   (b) the event threatens one’s identity and integrity
   (c) the event threatens one’s assumptive world
   (d) all of the above

6. All of the following are elements of basic crisis intervention EXCEPT:
   (a) It is a brief model of talk therapy
   (b) It is action-oriented and directive
   (c) Its purpose is to prevent or reduce psychological harm to those exposed to a crisis
   (d) It assumes that an underlying pathology or dysfunctional situation triggers a crisis

7. Basic crisis intervention consists of all of the following EXCEPT:
   (a) Intervention occurs off-site
   (b) Basic needs for food, shelter, and safety are met
   (c) Individuals are assessed for risk- danger to self or others
   (d) Individuals are assessed for transient symptoms of crisis reaction

8. Advanced crisis intervention includes of all of the following EXCEPT:
   (a) The provision of traditional and crisis-related resources
   (b) Counseling related to coping in the crisis aftermath
   (c) Counseling is off-site and may be brief (9-12 sessions)
   (d) Debriefing is offered to inoculate against a future crisis.

9. Applied crisis intervention differs from the other crisis models in that it:
   (a) Offers counseling
   (b) Offers concrete services
   (c) Recognizes a pre-existing condition or circumstance that underlies a flare-up that creates a crisis or emergency situation
   (d) Engages in triage, assessing risk of danger to self and others.

10. In the crisis aftermath individuals may suffer:
    (a) Loss of resources
    (b) Bereavement
    (c) Stress in the recovery phase
    (d) All of the above

11. The following definition is true of which model of crisis intervention?
    "Destabilization or flare-ups create an acute crisis that requires an immediate response followed by ongoing interventions to maintain or sustain recovery and prevent the recurrence of another crisis".
    (a) Pre-crisis; prevention
    (b) Basic crisis intervention
    (c) Advanced crisis intervention
    (d) Applied crisis intervention

12. When a crisis results in bereavement, all of the following approaches to bereavement should be considered EXCEPT:
    (a) Bereavement is a normal process that will run its course
    (b) Complicated grieving requires intervention
    (c) Bereavement counseling, when needed, is best conducted one on-one.
    (d) Crisis related bereavement should always be considered traumatic grief

13. The client population for crisis intervention consists of all of the following EXCEPT:
    (a) Ordinary people who experience extraordinary events
    (b) Individuals who are sent into harm's way (military, first responders)
    (c) Individuals with a pre-existing volatile condition or living circumstance
    (d) All of above

14. 14. When you consider the scope of a district's crisis plan, which of these phases should be reflected?
    (a) Mitigation/Prevention and Preparation
    (b) Response and Recovery
    (c) both of the above phases
    (d) Preparation

    15. A school district's policy regarding suicide prevention and intervention should:
    (a) tell school personnel to refer all concerns to the local mental health provider
    (b) address prevention as well as intervention, with services provided within the school
    (c) should address prevention and leave the other steps to the mental health providers
    (d) should be developed in partnership with local mental health specialists

    16. A crisis responder might need a mental checklist for the steps to follow in crisis response because:
    (a) crises can impair concentration and memory
    (b) a checklist allows you to hold people accountable
    (c) districts need to know what their staff is doing
    (d) the Red Cross requires checklists in all emergencies

    17. Common problems that appear in school districts' crisis models are:
    (a) over reliance on one individual
    (b) need for space, directions, and parking in a crisis
    (c) false assumptions about how people will respond in a crisis
    (d) all of the above

    18. Which of the following is a true statement regarding school district policies and procedures?
    (a) they are essentially the same
    (b) procedures dictate policies
    (c) policies dictate procedures
    (d) procedures provide the authority for carrying out the policies

    19. To reunite students in a crisis with their families as soon as it is safe and appropriate is:
    (a) a poor plan, because it does not allow time for specialists to counsel students
    (b) an excellent idea
    (c) not a good idea, because it brings too many parents onto the campus
    (d) a position taken by those who are not crisis specialists

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