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बी एड - एम एड >> बी.एड. सेमेस्टर-1 प्रश्नपत्र-II - सोशियोलाजिकल पर्सपेक्टिव आफ एजूकेशन बी.एड. सेमेस्टर-1 प्रश्नपत्र-II - सोशियोलाजिकल पर्सपेक्टिव आफ एजूकेशनसरल प्रश्नोत्तर समूह
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बी.एड. सेमेस्टर-1 प्रश्नपत्र-II - सोशियोलाजिकल पर्सपेक्टिव आफ एजूकेशन (अंग्रेजी भाषा मे)
Question- State the Constitutional Provisions of Education in the Emerging Indian Society.
Ans.
With the introduction of the Constitution of India on 26th January 1950, India emerged as a sovereign, democratic and a republic country. With the enactment of the Constitution of India there ushered a new era in the history of politics and education of this country. It brought a new hope, a new vision, and a new future for the people. The Constitution of India, the charter of India's freedom, is a unique and rare blueprint of democracy. As it embodies India's self-expression and mirrors the hopes and aspirations of people, it is but natural that education should find an honoured place in the document. Therefore, the framers of the Constitution made some vital provisions for the spread of education in this country. For anyone interested in education and in educating the future citizens, the importance of having a firm grasp over all the constitutional provisions which are made for solving educational and social problems in the country is extremely vital.
Provisions for Education in the Constitution
The emerging Indian society upholds a set of basic values which guide the life of the individuals and group functioning. They are democracy, socialism and secularism. These three basic values are stressed in the Preamble of the Constitution of India. The preamble of the Constitution reads.
"We the People of India, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic and to secure to all its citizens
JUSTICE—social, economic and political;
LIBERTY—of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY—of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all;
FRATERNITY—assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation;
In Our Constituent Assembly
This twenty-sixth day of November, 1949 do Hereby Adopt, Enact, And Give To Ourselves This Constitution.
Thus our Constitution laid down that in the eyes of law everyone should have an equal status, to no one the justice be denied, everyone should have liberty of thought, expression, and to practice his own faith and belief, and the dignity of each individual should be assured. Such Constitutional Provisions have much significance for education in the emerging Indian society.
Educational Implications of Justice : Justice in the field of education implies that every individual must have equal opportunity of upliftment, development and progress through education. As a result of which he can understand the principles or ideals incorporated in our Constitution. To provide justice in the field of education, the doors of the temples of learning should remain wide open to all the citizens. No discrimination should be allowed to take place between students belonging to different States, society or different caste, creed, colour etc.
Educational Implications of Liberty : The fundamental rights in the Indian Constitution declare that "Each citizen has the right to freedom of speech". Thus an individual is entitled to criticise the government and the social evils. But this criticism should not go against the unity and social amity of the country. People should not ignore the national, social and even the personal interests of others. Education is only an instrument, which can be used to guide the people in their right to speech. Similarly it can guide people for the proper use of their other fundamental rights like rights to belief, faith, worship etc.
Educational Implications of Equality : The Constitution of India provides equality of opportunity. The provisions of the Constitution becomes meaningless, if we do not allow equality of opportunity in the field of education. In the words of Education Commission "one of the important social objectives of education is to equalize opportunity enabling the backward or underprivileged classes and individuals to use education as a lever, for the improvement of their condition."
Educational Implications of Fraternity : For the greater glory of the individual and the society both dignity of the individuals and the unity of the nation is necessary. It can be achieved through a compromise between the two by the help of education. Therefore, education should be planned in such a way that it can assure our objective of achieving fraternity.
The Constitution of India has also made several provisions for the education of the people of India. To understand the salient features of education in the emerging Indian society it is desirable to know these provisions.
(i) Universalization of Elementary Education : When the new Constitution of India came into force on 26th of January 1950. education received added importance and significance. The education of the people of this country became the responsibility of the State. Therefore high priority was given to the programme of Universalization of Elementary Education, so that every boy and girl in this country can receive a minimum level of education. Article 45 of the Indian Constitution therefore directed that. "The state shall endeavour to provide within a period of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution, free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of fourteen years."
(ii) Education of the Minorities : The Constitution of India contains some important provisions to safeguard the interest of the minority groups. Article 30 of the Constitution states :
(a) All minorities whether based on religion or language shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.
(b) The State shall not, in granting aid to educational institutions discriminate against any educational institution on the ground that it is under the management of a minority, whether based on religion or language.
Article 29 of the Constitution further states that "no citizen shall be denied admission into any educational institution maintained by the State or receiving aid out of State funds on grounds only of religion, of caste or of language."
(iii) The Constitution Encourages a Secular Outlook Towards Life : Article 28 of the Constitution of India lays down that no religious instruction shall be imparted in the institutions maintained by the State. Thus religious instruction in government schools and colleges has been considered as a taboo. The founding fathers put a ban on religious education because in a multi-racial and multi-religious society of ours, it will not create a healthy atmosphere. Rather it will produce narrowness of outlook, parochialism, blind unquestioning faith and a hypocritical belief in miracles and myths against man's scientific judgement.
Thus secularism is based on the principle of equal respect for all religions. In respect of secularism in India, the following points should be noted :
- All religions are essentially the same though their paths of realising their goals may be different.
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The perfect toleration of understanding is to be maintained in the field of religion.
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Every individual should be free to practise his own religion.
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A member of one sect should have respect for other sects.
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No one should be politically or socially disqualified for his religious views. The Constitution gives guarantee to this.
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In India there is no State religion.
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Justice, Freedom, Liberty, Equality.
(iv) Special Emphasis on Instruction in Mother Tongue : India is a multi-lingual country. Therefore, special emphasis was given in the Constitution for the introduction of mother tongue as the medium of instruction in all the units of Indian union.
Article 350 (4) declares, “It shall be the endeavour of every State and local authorities within that state to provide adequate facilities for instruction in the mother tongue at the primary stage of education to children belonging to linguistic minorities groups and the President may issue such directions to any State as he considers necessary for properly securing the provisions of such facilities.”
(v) Education for Women : Education is necessary for women more than men, because women have lagged behind in the race of education. It has, however, begun to be increasingly realised in free India that the education of women is more important than that of men.
Article 15 of the Indian Constitution provides, “The State shall not discriminate any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.” It again states “for full development of our human resources, improvement of homes and for moulding the character of children during the most impressionable years of their infancy, the education of girls is of greater importance than that of boys.”
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