Question- Discuss in detail the concept of 'Pudgal' (matter) according to Jainism philosophy.

Answer -

Jain philosophy holds the opinion that the whole universe consists of infinite jivas or souls which cannot be destroyed or created. Jain philosophy has categorized souls into two parts:

(a) Unliberated Souls: These souls are subject to rebirth and transmigration in this universe.

(b) Liberated Souls: These souls are free from the bondage of rebirths or Karma.

A soul has to eradicate Karmas to attain its true and pure form. In Jainism, there are two basic rashi:
(a) Jiva (living)
(b) Ajiva (non-living)

Further, Ajiva is divided into five parts:

1. Dharmastikay (medium of motion)
2. Adharmastikay (medium of rest)
3. Akashmastikay (space)
4. Pudgalastikay (matter)
5. Kaal (time)

We can say that pudgal is matter. All universe is made up of matter i.e., pudgal. The basic unit of pudgal is called parmanu which in turn helps in fabricatory the universe. Pudgal consists of two words:

Pud means addition and gal means division so, we can say that pudgal is solid, liquid, gaseous, energy or karmic etc. form of matter which laid the basis for the world we live in.

Characteristics of Pudgal

1. Pudgal has a form or shape.
2. Smallest indivisible unit of pudgal is called parmanu.
3. Pudgal possesses four qualities namely—varna (a color), rasa (a taste), gandhe (a smell) and a certain kind of senses (touch senses).
4. Pudgal is infinite in number.
5. Pudgal is devoid of life and consciousness.
6. Pudgal fills the whole cosmic space.
7. The karmic particles that attach to our soul are also pudgal.
8. Pudgal is always in motion.

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